Crystal Oscillators
A crystal oscillator is a compact, active clock module that contains an oscillation chip and a quartz crystal. When using a crystal resonator, parameters such as circuit load, negative impedance, and drive level must typically be tested to select a suitable matching resonator. The crystal oscillator integrates both the IC and the crystal internally, with all matching procedures completed at our factory. Customers only need to provide the supply voltage to obtain a stable frequency source.
HCI offers a wide range of products in various package sizes, frequencies, tolerances, and output types. They are widely used in communications, industrial control, IT, medical equipment, precision instruments, military applications, and other fields.
Your Professional Crystal Oscillators Supplier
Suzhou Hangjing Elec & Tech Co., Ltd., founded in 2014, is a technology-driven small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) specializing in the full-spectrum R&D, design, production, and sales of quartz frequency control components. Rooted in a professional team and advanced manufacturing expertise, the company has developed a robust product portfolio encompassing quartz crystals, crystal oscillators, TCXO, VCXO, OCXO, crystal filters-ranging from foundational components to tailored systems.
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A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is a quartz crystal, so oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators.However, other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are used in similar circuits.
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PARAMETER |
CO32P6 |
CONDITIONS / REMARKS |
|
Nominal frequency range |
10 ~ 800MHz |
Fund.,Overtone or PLL |
|
Supply voltage |
2.5VDC/ 3.3VDC |
Other option possible |
|
Supply current |
100mA |
Maximum,Fund mode lower Icc |
|
Frequency stability |
±25ppm / ±50ppm / ±100ppm |
See note below |
|
Operating temperature range |
−10 to +70°C or −40 to 85°C |
Other options available |
|
Output waveform and load |
LVPECL / 50Ω |
Into Vcc−2 |
|
Output voltage level HIGH |
Vcc−1.025V / Vcc−0.880V |
Minimum / Maximum |
|
Output voltage level LOW |
Vcc−1.810V / Vcc−1.620V |
Minimum / Maximum |
|
Rise and Fall times |
1.5ns |
@ 20~80~20%Vcc |
|
Symmetry (duty cycle) |
45~55% |
@ Outputs cross point |
|
Phase Jitter RMS |
<1ps |
Integrated 12kHz≤fijs≤20MHz |
|
Note: Stability includes frequency deviations at +25°C, over temperature range, due to supply voltage changes, output load changes, shock and vibration. |
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High Frequency Stability
Crystal oscillators have very stable frequencies, which is important for uses that need accurate and stable frequency standards. Stability is provided by the ways that quartz crystals are made.
Precision
Other types of oscillators can't match the accuracy of crystal oscillators. Because they can make frequencies with very low error levels, they can be used in situations where accuracy is very important.
Low Phase Noise
Due to its low phase noise, crystal oscillators find application in communication systems and other applications requiring clear signals. Better data quality and reduced interference result from low phase noise.
Long-term Reliability
Crystal oscillators work well for a long time and keep working well over time. Because they are so reliable, they can be used in situations where long-term steadiness is needed.
Compact Size
Because crystal oscillators can be made in small sizes, they can be used in small, movable electronics. This trait is very important for consumer electronics and tech that you wear.
Types of Crystal Oscillators
AT-Cut Crystal Oscillators
Most typically used crystals in crystal oscillators are AT-cut crystals. They are multipurpose since they are good at maintaining the frequency constant across a large temperature range. Computers, communication gadgets, and wristwatches are commonplace places to find AT-cut crystals.
BT-Cut Crystal Oscillators
BT-cut crystals are oriented differently than AT-cut crystals, which makes them more stable at higher temperatures. These are used in places where temperature stability is very important, like in high-frequency transmission and precise instruments.
SC-Cut Crystal Oscillators
When it comes to temperature stability and how they change over time, SC-cut crystals work better. In GPS systems, space communication, and lab measurement tools, they are used in places where the highest level of accuracy is needed.
TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator)
TCXOs have a temperature adjustment network to handle temperature-induced frequency fluctuations. Radio equipment and cell phones require stability across a wide temperature range.
VCXO (Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator)
Changes in input voltage can be made to alter output frequency with VCXOs. When the frequency has to be precisely adjusted, like in phase-locked loops (PLLs) and frequency modulation, this capability comes in helpful.
OCXO (Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator)
OCXOs have the most stable frequencies because they use a built-in oven to keep the crystal at a steady, high temperature. This kind is used in important places like cellphone base stations, high-tech GPS systems, and communication gear.
Applications of Crystal Oscillators
Timekeeping
Crystal oscillators are used in a variety of everyday objects, including quartz watches, alarm clocks, wall clocks, and quartz watches. The precise frequency of the quartz crystal ensures that the time is always accurate.
Communication Systems
In communication devices, crystal oscillators are used a lot to make stable carrier frequencies. Radios, TVs, cell phones, and satellite phones all use them because they keep the frequency stable, which is important for safe communication.
Computers and Microprocessors
Crystal oscillators send out the clock messages that computers and microprocessors need to keep everything in sync. The crystal oscillator's steadiness and accuracy are very important for making sure that the processor and other parts work right.
Measurement Instruments
Instruments like frequency counters, signal generators, and spectrum monitors require crystal oscillators. The robust and accurate crystal oscillator makes these instruments reliable.
GPS Systems
Crystal oscillators are used by global positioning systems (GPS) to give correct time data. The oscillator's accuracy is very important for the system to be able to find exact places.
Automotive Electronics
Crystal oscillators find application in many electronic control units (ECUs) in the automotive industry to control the engine, navigation, and entertainment systems. The oscillators have to be steady and operating well for the car to be safe and efficient.
Main construction of Crystal oscillator
Crystal Resonator
The heart of the crystal oscillator is the crystal resonator, which typically uses a piezoelectric material such as quartz. Piezoelectric materials have the unique property of generating an electric charge when mechanically stressed and, conversely, vibrating when an electric field is applied. This dual property is utilized in crystal resonators.
Amplifier
The amplifier in a crystal oscillator boosts the signal generated by the crystal resonator. It ensures that the signal maintains its strength and compensates for any signal losses that occur during processing.
Feedback Circuit
The feedback circuit is essential to sustain the oscillation over time. It routes a portion of the output signal back to the input of the amplifier, thus forming a loop.
Design Considerations for Crystal Oscillators
Load Capacitance
Resonant frequency of the crystal oscillator is adjusted by load capacitance. The load capacitance must match the crystal specifications for designers to obtain the desired frequency.
Drive Level
To keep things running smoothly and avoid damage, the drive level, or the amount of power going to the crystal, needs to be kept under control. Going over the recommended drive level can cause frequency instability and shorten the life of the oscillator.
Oscillator Circuit Design
An oscillator circuit that is well-designed—that is, with the correct components chosen and arranged in the proper order—works best with a crystal oscillator. Phase noise can be reduced and the frequency stable when a circuit is built properly.
Environmental Factors
Crystal oscillators can operate differently depending on the temperature, humidity, and mechanical motions in their surroundings. These are topics designers need to consider and do something to lessen.
Extending the Shelf Life of Crystal Oscillators
Optimal Storage Conditions
Store the oscillators in a dry, temperature-controlled environment to minimize exposure to moisture and extreme temperatures.
Proper Handling
Handle the oscillators with care to avoid physical damage and contamination.
Regular Testing
Periodically test stored oscillators to ensure they maintain their desired performance characteristics.
Protective Packaging
Use anti-static and moisture-resistant packaging materials to further safeguard the oscillators during storage and transport.
Maintenance of Crystal Oscillators
Keep the oscillator clean
Dust or other particles can affect the crystal’s resonance and cause frequency drift. Regular cleaning with compressed air is recommended.
Avoid extreme temperatures
Exposure to high or low temperatures can damage the crystal and affect its resonant frequency. It is important to keep the oscillator within its specified temperature range.
Handle with care
As mentioned earlier, crystal oscillators are sensitive to shocks and vibrations. Proper handling and packaging during transport or installation can prevent damage.
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